Early+Years+of+the+Cold+War

> || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC** * Anticommunists were called Nationalists and were supported by the United States and led by Chiang Kai-shek. The Communists were led by Mao Ze Dong. || ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * Established after World War 2
 * Created as an attempt to stabilize international relations and make a good foundation for peace
 * Watchdog of the world
 * Calls for all states that are part of it "to settle their international disputes by peaceful means, . . refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against any other State, . [and] give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the Charter. . . ."
 * Forbids intervening with any nation's domestic jurisdiction ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * A policy first made by the US in 1947
 * Created in a response to communism
 * Meant to prevent the growth of a country's territory through political, economic and diplomatic methods.
 * Limited country's idea influence || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg align="center" caption="kennan.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * A foreign policy created by President Truman on March 12, 1947
 * In a message to Congress he laid out a foreign policy for the United States
 * He believed that the Soviet Union was funding communist forces
 * Promised aid to people struggling to resist threats of democratic freedom ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * By the end of 1947, food supply was low in Germany and communist political parties were gaining strength rapidly in France and Italy.
 * United States knew they had to help so a proposal was made that would jump start European reconstruction and restore balance of superpower
 * Originally named the European Recovery Plan
 * Offered 13 billion dollars to aid Europe
 * Helped nations of Europe rebuild and get out of it's serious economic stress || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * The Berlin airlift was a large transfer of supplies to Berlin during 1948 and 1949
 * Truman airlifted food, fuel, and equipment into the city
 * 275,000 flights into Berlin were made by British cargo planes
 * The planes carried supplies to the residents of the city
 * Led to Stalin calling of the blockade and dividing Germany into East Germany and democratic West Germany
 * Important incident of the Cold War
 * Most extraordinary peacetime military operation in history ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * Berlin blockade increased United States tension and concerns about Soviet expansion and encouraged military deterrence.
 * In 1949 the United States formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
 * Created because the United States believed a strong military and a united political front would prevent a Soviet attack.
 * After a military threat was made, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in response || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]]
 * Red Scare is the fear of communism in the United States
 * Wasn't the first time it had occurred, it happened first after World War 1.
 * The Rosenbergs were named Ethel and Julius. They were members of the American Communist Party.
 * In 1951 they were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and were executed in 1953.
 * House Un-American Activities Committee began targeting actors, directors and movie writers for suspected communist ties.
 * Within Hollywood many blacklists were created. Blacklists were unofficial lists of people thought to be communists. All of the people's names on the blacklists career were ruined ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * In September 1949, communists defeated anticommunists in China.
 * The Nationalist government fled to Taiwan off the coast of China.
 * Americans were surprised by the fall of the Nationalist government and their fear of communism grew.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR**

|| ||  || xxxxx
 * No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * Joseph McCarthy was a Republican senator from Wisconsin who used the Korean War to fan the fear of communism in the United States.
 * McCarthy claimed he had a list of 205 State officials who were Communist. This started the hunt for Communists and ruined many peoples careers.
 * McCarthyism became known as reckless charges against innocent citizens.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * The Soviet Union was the first in the world to launch a space satellite. They sent Sputnik to orbit around the earth.
 * This meant that the Soviet Union had something powerful enough to reach the United States.
 * Congress soon set aside billions of dollars for space research so America could launch their own satellite.
 * This was known as the space race which was the competition for the exploration of space.